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Cyber Security - definition, jobs, scope, salary

Queries cracked in this blog:

1. What is cyber security?
2. How do I become a cyber security professional?
3. What are the career options in cybersecurity?
4. What skills are needed for a job in cyber security?
5. What is the salary in cybersecurity?

Question 1. 

What is cyber security? 

Cyber security is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks. It's also known as information technology security or electronic information security. The term applies in a variety of contexts, from business to mobile computing, and can be divided into a few common categories.

• Network security is the practice of securing a computer network from intruders, whether targeted attackers or opportunistic malware.

• Application security focuses on keeping software and devices free of threats. A compromised application could provide access to the data it is designed to protect. Successful security begins in the design stage, well before a program or device is deployed.

• Information security protects the integrity and privacy of data, both in storage and in transit.

• Operational security includes the processes and decisions for handling and protecting data assets. The permissions users have when accessing a network and the procedures that determine how and where data may be stored or shared all fall under this umbrella.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity define how an organization responds to a cyber-security incident or any other event that causes the loss of operations or data. Disaster recovery policies dictate how the organization restores its operations and information to return to the same operating capacity as before the event. Business continuity is the plan the organization falls back on while trying to operate without certain resources.

• End-user education addresses the most unpredictable cyber-security factor: people. Anyone can accidentally introduce a virus to an otherwise secure system by failing to follow good security practices. Teaching users to delete suspicious email attachments, not plug in unidentified USB drives, and various other important lessons are vital for the security of any organization. 

Question 2.

How do I become a cyber security professional?

I want to share with you some tips we have collected from our research for you.

• Get a solid understanding of systems and networks. Systems and networks are the foundation for everything we do in security. If you want to be better at security, you must have a foundation in TCP/IP. Both on the theoretical side and on the application side. The easiest way to get this experience is to become a systems administrator. The lessons I learned as a sysadmin allow me to speak about things in security, such as DNS, that if I hadn't ever wrestled with, I would only be talking theory. Since I've had my hands on a DNS server and configured zones, I truly understand the security challenges of DNS.
• If you don't have Virtual Box installed on your laptop, do it now. Virtual Machines are your friend. With virtualization, you can configure different machines (Windows, Linux, etc) and connect them together. You can practice with the best security distributions (Kali, Web Security Dojo, etc.) without getting arrested! Learn to use Virtual Box and build VMs to test things and learn how they work. Have a system administrator mindset.

• Read like crazy. In the security business, things are always changing. Whether it's new technologies (threat intelligence is the hot thing now) or new techniques, this is not a stagnant industry. To get ahead in any industry, you must continue to grow and learn. Become an avid reader, and learn from the books you read. Even though college is over, take notes about the things that catch you in the book, and act upon them. Do not think you must limit yourself to non-fiction. Sprinkle fiction in as well to expand your mind.

• Take advantage of the training resources available on the Internet. There are so many free security courses and training opportunities, from Universities (Stanford and MIT), Security Tube, where all the local conferences are archived, and Udemy. Take advantage of the content that is out there and learn from it. Pick a specific topic and focus on it for a month. If you know nothing about Javascript, then learn it. You do not need the proficiency of someone who builds websites daily, but knowledge can be applied when the situation arises.

• Network, and not in a cheesy walk around and hand out business cards way. Make friends in the security industry. Do this on Twitter. Do not use Twitter as a news feed. Respond to security people and get into the conversations. The worst thing that happens is that they ignore you. Go to conferences, and don't just stand in the back of the room like you are at a middle school dance. Introduce yourself to people, talk before the sessions start, make yourself a part of the community. You'll benefit greatly from the relationships you establish with real security people.

Question 3.

What are the career options in cyber security?

First of all, Cybersecurity is a great career to enter right now, as there is a high demand for professionals with these skills. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the employment of information security analysts will grow 31 percent from 2019 to 2029.

Some job options we collected from our research for you,

These are the factors in which the jobs are needed:

• Digital India and Demonetization

According to Ashok Pamidi, the senior director of NASSCOM, while the government’s initiatives such as Digital India and demonetization have pushed companies towards digital transformation, doing so has also made them vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In turn, this has led to a demand for cyber security professionals who can help companies achieve digital transformation without compromising security.

• General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Although the GDPR didn’t go into effect until late in May 2018, companies across the world have been preparing to safeguard their database from cyber crimes and comply with GDPR rules. This has driven a need for cyber security experts.

• Aftermath of WannaCry Ransomware

A year ago, in May 2017, government agencies and organizations across the world fell prey to the WannaCry ransomware, which infected over 200,000 computers in 150 countries within just three days. According to the latest numbers, it led to damage estimated up to hundreds of billions of dollars! The attack launched a debate on the vulnerability of data and the pressing need for stronger cyber laws and security systems. It has also caused many organizations to be more aware of the perils of cyber security loopholes and take steps to safeguard their organization from future attacks.

Cyber security jobs:

• Network Security Engineer

The network security engineer is a critical position within every organization. This person ensures the security systems are implemented within the organization to counter and stop threats. Their main responsibilities include maintaining systems, identifying vulnerabilities, and improving automation. They also oversee the maintenance of firewalls, routers, switches, various network monitoring tools, and VPNs (virtual private networks).

 The minimum salary of a network security engineer begins at Rs 4 lakhs and can go up to 8 lakhs per annum.

• Cyber Security Analyst

A cyber security analyst helps in planning, implementing, and upgrading security measures and controls. They continuously monitor security access and perform internal and external security audits to ensure there are no loopholes or evidence of security lapses. A cyber security analyst is also responsible for conducting vulnerability testing, risk analyses, and security assessments, and for managing the network. In addition to these tasks, the analyst trains fellow employees in security awareness and procedures, so they are aware of the best practices to be followed to avoid security breaches.

The salary of a cyber security analyst begins at Rs 6 lakhs per annum.

• Security Architect

A security architect plays a crucial role in designing the network and computer security architecture for their company. The security architect helps in planning, researching, and designing elements of security. Without a security architect, a company’s security system is vulnerable to attacks. The security architect first creates a design based on the needs of the company and then works together with the programming team to build the final structure. Besides building the architecture, they also develop company policies and procedures for how their company's employees should use the security systems and decide on the punitive action in case of lapses.

The average pay of a security architect begins at Rs 17 lakhs per annum.

• Cyber Security Manager

Cyber security managers are responsible for the maintenance of security protocols throughout the organization. They create strategies to increase network and Internet security related to different projects and manage a team of IT professionals to ensure the highest standards of data security. A cyber security manager also frequently reviews the existing security policies and ensures the policies are currently based on new threats. They also perform regular checks on all servers, switches, routers, and other connected devices to make sure there are no loopholes in the security.

The average salary of a cyber security manager begins at Rs 12 lakhs per annum.

• Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)

According to a report by PWC, over 80 percent of companies now have a CISO on the management team. This trend shows that companies have grown aware of the threats of cybercrimes and the potential damage such attacks can cause. The CISO is a senior-level executive within an organization that ensures that the cyber security plan is aligned with the business’s vision, operations, and technologies. The CISO works with the staff to identify, develop, implement, and maintain processes across the organization to ensure there are no security breaches. They respond to incidents and set up appropriate standards and controls to mitigate security risks without causing any interruption to the business. They are also responsible for overseeing the implementation of security policies and procedures within the organization.

The average salary for top CISOs is anywhere between Rs 2 crores to 4 crores.

Question 4.

What skills are needed for a job in cyber security?

Here are some of the skills we found from our research for you to get a good stage job in the cyber security field,

• Networking and System Administration

An in-depth understanding of networking is required to start a career in cybersecurity. Learning networking will help you understand data transmission's technical aspects, which will help you secure your data. Taking up networking certifications like CompTIA Security+ and Cisco CCNA is advisable. 

Another skill that will be beneficial for you is to master system administration. It is all about configuring and maintaining computers. You must be curious to know every aspect of your computer features and settings and play around a bit. 

• Knowledge of Operating Systems and Virtual Machines

A cybersecurity professional must have a strong knowledge of operating environments such as Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. As a cybersecurity expert, you should be comfortable working on any OS. VMs allow you to train and research in an isolated environment and help you maximize your skills.

The next point to remember is to know Kali Linux as it is the most widely known Linux distribution for ethical hacking and penetration testing. It comes with several hundred tools related to Penetration Testing, Malware Analysis, Security research, Computer Forensics, and so on. 

• Network Security Control

Network Security Control refers to the different measures which are employed to enhance the security of a network. You need to know how your network works, how routers, firewalls, and other devices work. A firewall is hardware or software that blocks outgoing or incoming traffic from the internet to your computer. As a cybersecurity expert, you must leverage a firewall to filter and prevent unauthorized traffic onto the network.

Additionally, you must know about Intrusion detection systems, Intrusion Prevention Systems, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and remote access. For example, you should operate the IDS and recognize any security policy violations and malicious traffic on the network. 

• Coding

Having zero coding knowledge may limit your cybersecurity opportunities in the future. Hence, it is advised to acquaint yourself with a few coding languages.

Given below are the list of a few coding languages you can learn to have a successful career in cybersecurity:

• C and C++: C and C++ are low-level programming languages you need to know as a cybersecurity professional. 

• Python: It is a well-known high-level programming language that is becoming popular among cyber experts today. It will help you identify and fix vulnerabilities. 

• JavaScript: A good advantage of knowing JavaScript is that you can prevent cross-site scripting attacks. 

• PHP: Most websites are created using PHP, learning it will help defend against intruders.

• HTML: HTML is yet another language cybersecurity professionals should understand, as most websites use it, and it is one of the easiest languages to learn. 

• Go lang. It is great for cryptography; you can solve various cybersecurity problems with it.

• SQL: Attackers use this language to damage the stored data; one example is the SQL injection attack. Hence, having a good understanding of SQL(Structured Query Language) is beneficial. 

• Assembly Language: Assembly will help you understand how malware functions work and thereby help you defend against it.

• Cloud Security

Companies are looking for professionals with security skills applicable to public and hybrid cloud platforms such as AWS and Azure. More organizations look to cloud infrastructure to store data and run applications. This includes the implementation of policies and technologies that protect cloud-based systems and devices. 

Like Application Development Security, Cloud Security also involves building secure systems from the start. People with the experience and knowledge in managing big platforms, such as Microsoft Azure, AWS, and the Google Cloud Platform, are in high demand.

Question 5.
What is the salary in cyber security?

Now, This is your favorite part,

Cyber Security Analyst salary in India ranges between ₹ 3.0 Lakhs to ₹ 11.9 Lakhs with an average annual salary of ₹ 5.0 Lakhs. Salary estimates are based on 3.1k salaries received from Cyber Security Analysts.